FREE ENERGY – Solar Powered Cell Phone Hack
Solar Garden Lights that would fit this purpose can be found here – solarcellphonehack.blogspot.com A way to convert your phone to solar power and take advantage of free energy. Solar
Video Rating: 4 / 5
Performance of Combined Power System With Design of Energy Storage Controller System
Performance of Combined Power System With Design of Energy Storage Controller System
Free Online Articles Directory
Why Submit Articles?
Top Authors
Top Articles
FAQ
ABAnswers
0 && $ .browser.msie ) {
var ie_version = parseInt($ .browser.version);
if(ie_version Login
Register
Hello
My Home
Sign Out
Email
Password
Remember me?
Lost Password?
Home Page > Technology > Electronics > Performance of Combined Power System With Design of Energy Storage Controller System
Categories
AdvertisingArts & EntertainmentAutomotiveBeautyBusinessCareersComputersEducationFinanceFood and BeverageHealthHobbiesHome and FamilyHome ImprovementInternetLawMarketingNews and SocietyRelationshipsSelf ImprovementShoppingSpiritualitySports and FitnessTechnologyTravelWriting
Performance of Combined Power System With Design of Energy Storage Controller System
By: s.sankar
Posted: Sep 11, 2008
Views: 199
]]>
Abstract -We investigated a small isolated hybrid power system that used two types of power generation; wind turbine and diesel generation. The interaction of diesel generation, the wind turbine, and the local load is complicated because both the load and the wind turbine fluctuate during the day. These fluctuations create imbalances in power distribution (energy sources are not equal to energy sinks) that can affect the frequency and the voltage in the power system. The addition of energy storage will help balance the distribution of power in the power network. For this paper, we studied the interaction among hybrid power system components and the relative size of the components. We also show how the contribution of wind energy affects the entire power system and distribution and the role of energy storage under the transient conditions caused by load changes and wind turbine startups.
Index Terms - wind turbine, diesel generator, hybrid power system, renewable energy, energy storage.
I. INTRODUCTION
Windmills were used to pump water and mill grain, along with many other uses [1, 2, 3, 4].
Today, wind turbines are used for similar purposes (i.e., water or oil pumping, battery charging, and utility generation). One important aspect of wind turbine applications, especially in an industrial environment, is that wind turbines generate electricity without creating pollution. Wind turbines are also well suited for generating electricity in isolated places with no connections to the utility grid [2,3,4]. However, in isolated applications, especially very small applications, the power system components (sources and loads) are limited, and the system networks are weak in many cases. Thus, any changes in the power input or output of one component may affect the rest of the system more dramatically than in a larger system where the smoothing effect of many components benefits the overall system. In this paper, we analyze a hybrid power system consisting of a wind turbine, a diesel generator, a local load, and energy storage. We also present the impact of energy storage on the power system performance. The results and conclusions of this analysis apply to similar hybrid power systems.
II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
The system has two types of generation: the diesel generator and the wind turbine generator (Figure 1). The
energy storage can act as a load or as a generator depending on the need. The diesel generator provides smooth output power, whereas the output power of a wind turbine depends on the wind velocity. As the wind velocity varies, so does is the power generation. For example, if the wind speed changes very smoothly, the output power of the wind turbine will also change very smoothly. On the other hand, wind turbulence causes the output power to fluctuate. Figure 1 is a single line diagram that represents the analyzed power system. The wind turbine has an induction generator with a capacity ranging from 40 kW to 225 kW. At low wind speeds, the generator operates at 900 rpm with a rated capacity of 40 kW. At high wind speeds, the generator speed is 1,200 rpm with a rated capacity of 225 kW. We used 150 kW of energy storage as a buffer to operate as a load or a source depending on the need. This paper discusses only fixed-speed wind turbine generation and does not cover variable-speed wind turbine generation [5]. The diesel engine, which has a rated capacity of 400 kW, is operated in parallel with the wind turbine to supply the load. The local loads are mostly residential and light loads. Other loads include water pumps, compressors, and heavy equipment. An 80-kW water pump represents the transient condition of a heavy load.
Fig 1. One line diagram of power system
III. COMPONENTS OF POWER SYSTEM
The system we discuss in this paper consists of four major subsystems: a diesel generator, a wind turbine generator, heavy (industrial) loads, and energy storage. In the power system network, the balance of active power and reactive power must be maintained. The diesel-genset, then, must be able to keep the power balanced when the wind turbine or local load varies. This task is easy to accomplish provided the diesel genset is sufficiently sized. Although they are important, we will not cover the details of the dynamic model for electric machines used in the simulation. Many good textbooks are available on this subject.
A. Diesel Generator
In terms of an electrical system, a diesel generator can be represented as a prime mover and a generator. Ideally, the prime mover is capable of supplying any power demand up to rated power at constant frequency, and the synchronous generator connected to it must be able to keep the voltage constant at any load condition. Figure 2 is a block diagram of the diesel generator. The diesel engine keeps the frequency constant by maintaining the rotor speed constant via its governor. The synchronous generator must control its output voltage by controlling the excitation current. Thus, as a unit, the diesel generating system must be able to control its frequency and its output voltage. The inertia of the diesel genset, the sensitivity of the governor, and the power capability of the diesel engine all affect the diesel generator’s ability to respond to frequency changes. The ability of the synchronous generator to control its voltage is affected by the field winding time constant, the availability of the direct current (DC) power to supply the field winding, and the response of the voltage control regulation mechanism.
Figure 2. Diesel generator control block diagram
B. Wind Turbine
The main components of a wind turbine are the rotor of the turbine, which is the prime mover, and an induction generator. In general, the rotor is connected to the generator via a gearbox that matches the rotational speed. The simplest system uses a fixed-speed turbine. A fixed-speed turbine must rely on the blade-stall condition to limit the output power when the winds are at high speed. Note that, although the rotor speed of an induction generator varies with wind speed, the speed range is within a 1% to 2% slip. On the other hand, the wind speed variation may range from 5 m/s to 25 m/s; thus, in terms of the wind turbine, the induction generator operates at a relatively “fixed speed” compared to the range of wind speed variation.
C. Induction Machines
Most electric machines used in industry as prime movers are induction motors. Two applications of induction machines in the power system network fall within the scope of this study: one as the generator on a wind turbine and the other as a motor driving large pumps and compressors. By its nature, an induction machine is an inductive load. This machine absorbs reactive power either as a motor or generator. The reactive power absorbed by the induction machine comes from the line to which it is connected. In a hybrid power system, the reactive power comes from the synchronous generator of the diesel genset. In a wind turbine generator, a fixed capacitor is usually installed to supply some of the reactive power that the induction generator needs. Figure 3 shows the equivalent circuit of an induction machine connected to a power system. The power system is represented by infinite bus Es and the line impedance is represented by reactance Xs.
Figure 3. Equivalent circuit of an induction machine connected to power system
D. Various Loads
In the power system considered, there are two major loads. The first is a large water pump representing a typical industrial load. The second is a collection of loads for which the size and power factor can be programmed throughout the day to represent a typical village load. The voltage at the terminal of the load varies as a result of a voltage drop across the line impedance. The voltage drop across the line impedance varies depending on the size of the current and the power factor of the load. The terminal voltage for a wind turbine generator (VS), as the output current of induction machine, varies from start-up to generating mode. During start-up, voltage drops significantly at the terminal voltage of the induction machine. The voltage drop across line impedance is caused by the current surge during start-up. In addition, the phase angle of the stator current is very large and lagging. The combination of a poor power factor and a lagging, large current surge creates a voltage dip at the terminal of the induction machine during start-up. Thus, a start-up of short duration is preferable to a prolonged one
E. Energy Storage
The energy storage can be of different types (i.e. flywheel, battery, hydrogen/fuel-cell, hydropower etc.). In this paper, we assumed energy storage with a power converter interface to the power network. The power converter is connected to the energy storage at one end. With variability of wind resource, energy storage is an excellent contributor to the power system. The energy storage behaves like a large buffer to accommodate the unequal instantaneous energy in the power system. Ideally, at any instant of time, there should be a zero net exchange between the energy sources and the energy sinks (both real and reactive power). If this balance is not achieved, the voltage and frequency of the system changes to maintain equilibrium. At any instant, the energy storage behaves either as an energy source or energy sink depending of the mode of operation.
Read more articles
Renewable energy – LED Washer – China LED Roadway Light
Potential of Marine System Biomass Cogeneration
Green technologies for rural development –an overview
Air Polution Riding Wave of Technological Change
Figure 4. Energy Storage control block diagram
It is assumed that the energy storage has a power converter interfacing the power network. Although it is possible for the power converter to function as a reactive power compensator, the cost of a power converter is very expensive compared to other means of reactive power compensation currently available in the market. Keep in mind that the size of the power semiconductor in the power converter is limited by its current limit and its voltage limit. Thus, minimizing the current passing through the power switches will minimize the current rating of the power converter and will lower the cost. For this paper, we only used the power converter to process real power in and out of the energy storage. Figure 4 shows a block diagram of energy storage control algorithm. It uses frequency deviation to indicate a real power imbalance in the system. The frequency deviation is also used as the feedback to control the energy storage output. If the load power demand is higher than the power supply available, the frequency of the diesel generator will slowly drop. Other energy stored in the system includes the kinetic energy in the turbine blades, the diesel generator inertia, and energy in the inductors and capacitors, etc.
F. Balance of Energy in the System
In the isolated system we studied, the balance of real and reactive power must always be maintained. The balance of real power is maintained by the governor of the diesel generator. The balance of reactive power is maintained by the exciter of the diesel’s synchronous generator. When the load demands more power than the diesel and the wind turbine can produce, and the diesel engine has reached its highest limit, as the loads continue to increase, the governor of the diesel cannot push more power, and the rotor speed of the diesel will start to drop. The frequency of the generator will then drop until balance is reached or the system collapses. The voltage in the system is also an indicator of the balance in the system. When the reactive power demand from the loads is higher than what can be provided by the diesel generator, the capacitor, and other means of compensation, the system voltage will drop. Although the size of output and input of the energy storage is adjustable, it is limited by its ratings. For this paper, we assumed that the energy storage is capable of storing and providing long-term energy to the power network to maintain system balance. In reality, only a limited amount of energy can be stored. We will not discuss energy analysis in detail in this paper. In practice, the energy will be stored when the wind turbine produces enough power and the diesel is operating under light load. The actual loads are divided into critical and non-critical loads. Critical loads are supplied at all times and non-critical loads are served only if there is enough source and it will be shed off the system when the voltage or frequency drops below the allowable limit. With the existence of sufficiently sized energy storage, it is possible to serve all the loads (critical and non-critical) all the time.
IV. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
The case studies look at different aspects of major power system components in the power network. The first case study investigates the diesel power component. In the power network, a diesel generator must maintain system balance by responding properly to power changes.
A. Case Study I: Diesel–Wind Turbine Interaction
A diesel generator consists of a diesel engine and a synchronous generator. The diesel engine is responsible for controlling the frequency and keeping it constant through its governor. The synchronous generator is responsible for controlling the voltage via its field winding and voltage controller. Undersized diesel engine: The ability of a diesel engine to change speed is its accelerating or decelerating power. The diesel accelerates when the input power is higher than the electrical output power of the generator (including losses).
The diesel decelerates when the input power is lower than the electrical output power of the generator (including losses). An oversized diesel engine does not have problems accelerating or decelerating, but an undersized diesel engine may create problems, during, for example, the start-up of a wind turbine or large compressor. Figure 5 illustrates a condition where the diesel is undersized with respect to the load. The genset frequency and the terminal voltage of the wind turbine generator are shown on the top graph, and the real power of the diesel, wind turbine, water pump, and local load are shown on the bottom graph. At start-up, the wind turbine uses the smaller, 40-kW generator to motor up and bring the induction machine up to speed. Because the wind speed is low, the wind turbine operates at low output power, and the local load is set to 200 kW. The diesel engine has a rated power of 400 kW. At t = 2 s, the wind turbine is turned on. As we can see, the voltage dip and the frequency dip are not very large, because the wind turbine is started using a smaller generator
Figure 5. Voltage, frequency, and power to illustrate
an undersized diesel genset
At t = 10 s, the 80-kW water pump is started up. The startup time for the water pump is longer than that of the wind turbine because the wind turbine is started when the rotor speed is close to the synchronous speed and the wind turbine also gets some help from the wind. The voltage drop is not very significant, but the frequency of the diesel drops about 3%. The diesel output power increases to cover the real power needed, whereas the contribution from the wind turbine is insignificant because the wind is low. For a short time, the induction generator enters the motoring range between t = 10.8 s and t = 11.3 s. After the condition is restored, at t = 14 s, the additional local load (300 kW noncritical) is turned on, bringing the total load to 580 kW. Because the diesel can carry only up to 400 kW and the wind’s contribution is very small at about 40 kW, the voltage and frequency start decreasing, and the voltage and frequency sensors detect the change. If the frequency drops below 95% and the voltage drops below 90% for an elapsed time of 0.5 s, the controller will drop the additional load (300 kW) and keep the critical load (200 kW) to regain the voltage and frequency. After the load is shed at t = 14.5 s, the frequency and voltage eventually return to normal. When the frequency drops, the wind turbine’s power contribution suddenly jumps because of a sudden increase of generating slip. Eventually, the genset frequency increases again for a short period and the induction generator enters into the motoring condition (between t = 14.5 s and t = 15 s). This condition worsens if the mechanical time constant of the wind turbine rotor (including the blade) is higher than the diesel genset time constant. In other words, the changing of the genset rotor speed is much faster than the changing of the wind turbine rotor speed. The response to the load change is shown by how fast the governor corrects the frequency and how fast the generator’s field excitation control reacts to the voltage changes. Undersized diesel engine with energy storage: As shown in the previous subsection, an undersized diesel engine cannot supply all energy needed, and it must shed some of the non-critical load to retain power-system stability. To remedy this situation, a 150-kW energy storage is installed to bring the combined output of the diesel genset and energy storage up to 550 kW. Figure 6 shows the improved power system after the energy storage is added. The same simulation is performed except it is now equipped with an energy storage. There is a significant improvement in the frequency regulation after the storage is installed to stabilize the system. The non-critical load (300 kW) survives even during low wind conditions. The frequency dips during the wind turbine start-up and the water pump start-up, and when the 300 kW load non-critical load is switched, it is reduced dramatically. Obviously, the capability of the energy storage to deliver a large amount of power instantaneously plays a major role in restoring the frequency of the power system. An additional benefit is noticed in the system voltage behavior of the wind turbine. Because the change in the frequency deviation presented to the wind turbine induction generator is small and smooth, the behavior of the stator current at the induction generator is also smooth. Thus it reduces the Ldi/dt and overall voltage drop across the line.
Oversized wind turbine:
When the wind power output exceeds the power required by the load, the synchronous generator of the diesel genset becomes a synchronous motor that tends to accelerate the rotor speed of the diesel engine. The excess energy from the wind power, then, tries to drive the diesel engine. Because the diesel engine has only a small braking capability resulting from engine compression, the frequency control can be lost when the extra power generated by the wind turbine is sufficiently high.
Figure 6. Voltage, frequency, and power to illustrate
an undersized diesel genset with storage
In Figure 7, the diesel generator has a rated power of 400 kW, the local load is initially set to 280 kW and at t = 4 s, and the local load is set to 100 kW. When the diesel is started, there is only a local load of 280 kW. The wind turbine is then started at t = 2 s with a 225-kW induction machine. Although the diesel genset is rated at only 400 kW and the wind turbine is started with a 225-kW induction machine, the effect of wind turbine start-up on the power system is very mild, mostly because the induction machine current is limited by a soft start. A soft start is a device that limits starting current during start-up. It consists of a pair of back-to-back thyristors installed in series with each phase of the motor winding. Because the firing angle of the thyristor can be controlled, the size of the starting current can be adjusted by controlling the firing angle of the thyristors. As we can see (Figure 5), the same wind turbine (225 kW) draws a starting power of 300 kW, but after the soft start is installed (Figure 7), the power surge during start-up drops to about 100 kW. After the wind turbine enters generating mode (at about t = 2.5 s), the local load (280 kW) is shared between the diesel genset (55 kW) and the wind turbine (225 kW). The voltage and frequency are maintained constant, and the diesel genset
Figure 7. Voltage, rotor speed, and power of an
oversize wind turbine
generates only a small percentage of its rated load (about 13%). This makes a significant contribution to fuel savings from the wind energy. At t = 4 s, the local load is reduced from 280 kW to 100 kW; the wind speed stays the same. As a result, the wind turbine tries to supply 225 kW, but the only load available is 100 kW. As a result, the synchronous generator of the diesel genset turns into a motor (negative power), the governor loses its speed control, and frequency runaway is triggered. This is an example of the wind turbine being oversized compared to the local load. In such a case, a dump load (water heater, water pump, battery charger, etc.) is usually deployed to keep the diesel genset generating, which prevents it from motoring. Minimum power generation of the diesel genset is usually pre-set (for example, 15%–40% of the rated load). If the generated power of the diesel genset is less than the preset value, the dump load should be deployed. The dump load must be sized so that the diesel genset will always generate power above its minimum set point. The dump loads are normally non-critical loads used to store excess electrical energy in another form, such as heat (water or space heater), electric charge (battery charging), or potential energy (water pump). Oversized wind turbine with energy storage: As shown in the previous subsection, an oversized wind turbine can drive the system into an unstable condition because of the inability of the diesel engine to keep the frequency constant. An energy storage installed in the power system network is not only useful to remedy the undersized diesel engine but also for cases where there is an excess power produced by the wind turbine. Without energy storage, the wind turbine can drive the synchronous machine into motoring region and the frequency output will be out of control. With a power converter to interface between the energy storage and the power network, the energy storage is capable of quickly absorbing excess power generated by the wind turbine and hold the generator rotor speed from a runaway condition. As shown in Figure 8, the frequency runaway can be prevented by using energy storage to capture the excess power in the power network.
Figure 8. Voltage, rotor speed, and power of an
oversize wind turbine with energy storage
B. Case Study II: Charging the Storage Under Normal Condition
The energy storage will be charged only when there is an energy surplus from the wind and the required network load is very light. Because the governor of the diesel generator will always maintain the frequency constant, the output power of the diesel generator is an indicator of the power within the system available to charge the energy storage. One benefit of charging the energy storage during this condition is that the efficiency of the diesel engine is at its peak when it is operated near its rated power. Thus, when a surplus of power is detected within the system, the energy storage will be charged and some energy will be stored within the system. The amount of energy and the size of charging power depend on the size of the surplus power. The charging process will be stopped when the energy storage reaches its limit. Maximum charging current is also limited by the energy storage and by the power converter interface. Figures 9 shows the charging process. Initially there is enough wind speed to start the wind turbine. The diesel generator is supplying a constant load of 280 kW (power factor = 0.995 lagging) all the time. As the wind turbine generates full power (225kW), the diesel governor redistributes the load and there is a load sharing between the wind turbine and the diesel generator. As the transient settles out, it is shown that the diesel generator is contributing a very small amount of power to the load, thus the charging mechanism is started. The energy storage is charged slowly until it reaches its limit.
Figure 9. Real power flow in the power system
In Figure 9, the charging of energy storage during normal condition is limited to 75 kW, which is about 50% of the rated power of the capacitor. This limit ensures that the power converter still has enough headroom to deliver or absorb power during an emergency. For example, if there is some loss of the loads in the power systems, the energy storage must absorb the loads loss to avoid a sudden change in frequency. Similarly, to compensate for a sudden load increase to the power systems (e.g. the water pump is started), the energy storage must release energy to the power system to keep constant frequency at the diesel generator. As shown in Figure 9, the real power used by the energy storage to stabilize the frequency takes precedence over the charging power used to charge the storage. This can be seen especially when the water pump is started at about t = 15 seconds.
V. CONCLUSION
After presenting an overview of the components of the power system under investigation, we described the operating characteristics of the components as they relate to voltage and frequency variations in the power network. The analysis shows the dynamic interaction among the wind turbine, diesel engine, large loads, and energy storage. It also demonstrates the dynamics of real power balance and how the system is stabilized with the controlled energy storage. The voltage regulation is very minimal and the frequency regulation is controlled very closely. The voltage regulation is controlled mostly by the balance of reactive power in the system and the time constant of the excitation system of the generator. The frequency regulation depends on the energy storage control, the size of the energy storage, the total inertia in the system (temporary energy storage).Many technical solutions can be implemented to remedy the shortcomings covered in this paper. However, as in any power generation system, the economic implications of the solutions must be carefully considered.
REFERENCES
[1] E. Muljadi, L. Flowers, J. Green, and M. Bergey. 1996. “Electrical Design of Wind-Electric Water Pumping.” ASME Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118:246–252.
[2] J.T.G. Pierik and M. De Bonte. 1985. Quasi Steady State Simulation of Autonomous Wind Diesel Systems (Status Report). Report No. ECN-85-091. Petten, The Netherlands: The Netherlands Energy Research Foundation.
[3] A.J. Tsitsovits and L.L. Freris. 1983. Dynamics of an Isolated Power System Supplied from Diesel and Wind. Proc.IEEE 130, Part A, No. 9:587–595.
[4] J.T. Bialasiewicz, E. Muljadi, G. Nix, and S. Drouilhet. 1998. “RPM-SIM Simulator: A Comparison of Simulated versus Recorded Data. “Proceedings of WINDPOWER ’98.” Bakersfield, California, 423–432.
[5] E. Muljadi and C.P. Butterfield. 2001. “Pitch-Controlled Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generation,” Transactions of the IEEE-Industry Applications Society.
s.sankar – About the Author:
Assistant professor in lord venkateswara engineering college.I am doing phd in sathyabama university, Tamil Nadu,India.
]]>
Increase your traffic today just by submitting articles with us, click here to get started.
Liked this article? Click here to publish it on your website or blog, it’s free and easy!
Rate this Article
vote(s)
0 vote(s)
0) {
ch_selected = Math.floor(Math.random()*ch_queries.length);
if(ch_selected == ch_queries.length) ch_selected–;
ch_query = ch_queries[ch_selected];
}
}catch(e){
ch_query = document.title;
}
]]>
Article Tags:
wind turbine, diesel generator, hybrid power system, renewable energy, energy storage
Latest Electronics Articles
More from s.sankar
Cheap Noise Cancelling Headphones Will Change The Way You Listen To Music Forever!
If you are looking for a pair of cheap noise cancelling headphones which will help you to listen to the music to your MP3 player or personal stereo rather than have it interrupted by lots of unnecessary background noise then choosing a pair of cheap noise cancelling headphones could be exactly what you are looking for.
By: glen james
Technology >
Electronics
May 24, 2011
Growth of Wireless Remote Controls
Radio remote controls are not just like the traditional remotes that were only used to drive some toy cars or toy aero planes. Today’s wireless systems are used to drive large industrial machines. Whenever one needs to employ industrial wireless, they rely on these systems. These control systems are very easy to use and also possess easy maintenance systems.
By: amelisametis
Technology >
Electronics
May 24, 2011
Apple Ipad 32GB Wi-Fi Advanced Tablet PC
Apple Tablet PC is the most demanded and amazing tablet PC being offered in the market. Apple iPad 32 GB Wi-Fi prices is set quite reasonable to suit the needs of our valuable clients.
By: Vinnit
Technology >
Electronics
May 24, 2011
The dormitories have been installed the cell phone jammer
“Every layer of the building have been installed the cell phone jammer, there is no signal on our mobile phone, so we cannot contact with the outside world,”a student in jiyan middle school reveal the information to local journalist.
By: bruce
Technology >
Electronics
May 24, 2011
The article is all about technology based PCMCIA cards used primarily with laptop computers. They have been devised for the purpose of enhancing memory expansion of laptop computers. Their major benefit is to make portable applications easier. You can buy PCMCIA card via online websites or from your nearby computer gadgets outlet.
By: lisa
Technology >
Electronics
May 24, 2011
Power Amplifier System for High-Power, Passively Q-switched Micro laser
: We present a Cr:YAG passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microlaser – Nd:YVO4 power amplifier system that generates 335-m J, 370-ps pulses at a 2 kHz rate. Nonlinear conversion to second, third and fourth harmonics results in output power of 400, 240 and 86 mW, respectively.
By: s.sankar
Technology >
Electronics
May 17, 2009
Comments: 1
A Novel Analysis of Energy Efficiency Motors and Power Controllers
Voltage alone can be used as a source of intelligence when the switched capacitors are applied at point where the circuit voltage decreases as circuit load increases. Generally, where they are applied the voltage should decrease as circuit load increases and the drop in voltage should be around 4 – 5 % with increasing load.
By: s.sankar
Technology >
Electronics
Feb 15, 2009
Wish Giving Ghanapathy Stothram
Introduction Lord Ganapathy, who is the prime-deity in Hindu theology, wields enormous power and all plans of devotees
Should get his approval if they are to be successful. Lord Ganapathy is also known as Vigneshwar (destroyer of mental worries of devotees) Lord Ganapathy is simplistic and not after elaborate and ostentatious rituals. The following is a translation of Ganapathy Sthothram ( Praise of Lord Ganapathy)The Ganapathy who severs bondage and from whom all blissful qualities spreading
By: s.sankar
Arts & Entertainment >
Literature
Jan 21, 2009
Voltage Stability in Traction Power Systems
Power supply to electric trains in Norway is made by a single phase 15 kV 16 2/3 Hz power system fed mostly by distributed frequency converters. The extension of the system is about 2500 km and is operated interconnected and synchronous with the three-phase 50 Hz utility grid. The converters are either rotating as synchronous motor and generator connected via a common shaft or static carried out by power electronics. The traction power system in Norway is relatively weak compared to other countr
By: s.sankar
Technology >
Electronics
Dec 27, 2008
Proposed Planning of Wireless Power Transmission Demonstration
In the present paper the various technologies available so far for wireless transmission of electricity and the need for a Wireless System of Energy Transmission is being discussed to find its possibility in actual practices, their advantages, disadvantages and economical consideration. This paper is mainly concentrated on : i) The most popular concept known as Tesla Theory, ii) The microwave power transmission (MPT) called Solar power satellite, and iii) The highly efficient fibre lasers for wi
By: s.sankar
Technology >
Electronics
Dec 27, 2008
Comments on this article [0]
Add new Comment
Related Videos
How to Use Wind Power as an Energy Source Part 2
How to Use Wind Power as an Energy Source Part 1
Green by Design – ACUA, Wind, Cosmetics, NJCEP
Ask a question
Ask our experts your Electronics related questions here…
200 Characters left
Related Questions
Does birth control affect athletic performance ?
How is energy wasted in power stations ?
How is wind power converted into energy ?
]]>
Related Articles
Fuel efficiency
Need Help?
Contact Us
FAQ
Submit Articles
Editorial Guidelines
Blog
Site Links
Recent Articles
Top Authors
Top Articles
Find Articles
Site Map
Mobile Version
Webmasters
RSS Builder
RSS
Link to Us
Business Info
Advertising
Use of this web site constitutes acceptance of the Terms Of Use and Privacy Policy | User published content is licensed under a Creative Commons License.
Copyright © 2005-2011 Free Articles by ArticlesBase.com, All rights reserved.
Article from articlesbase.com
Power Market in Western Europe to 2020 – Increasing Focus on Renewable Power to Change the Energy Mix
GBI Research’s report, “Power Market in Western Europe to 2020: Increasing Focus on Renewable Power to Change the Energy Mix” provides an in-depth analysis of the power market of selected Western European countries (France, Germany, Austria, The United Kingdom, Spain, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway and Italy). The research analyzes their regulatory framework and the infrastructure of their power sectors. It provides a detailed forecast of the installed capacity by thermal, hydro, renewable (solar PV, biomass, wind etc.) and nuclear sources in each of the 10 countries up to 2020. The report, coupled with elaborate information on active and upcoming power plants in the countries, provides a comprehensive understanding of the 10 Western Europe power markets. This report is built using data and information sourced from proprietary databases, primary and secondary research and in-house analysis by GBI Research’s team of industry experts.
According to GBI Research, Germany emerges as the largest power market by installed capacity among the Western Europe countries with a share of 21.5% in the total installed capacity followed by France. With an upturn in the global economy expected from 2010, Western European power market is expected to grow moderately during the forecast period 2010-2020. However, the growth will be strongly impacted by electricity prices and energy efficiency policies. The countries are actively augmenting its capacity through clean energy sources, namely, wind, solar photovoltaic and other renewables with an objective to reduce carbon emission. In order to achieve the objective, the Governments have undertaken several incentives in the form of tax relief, capital cost grants and subsidies. Hence, the commitment to curtail the carbon emissions will lead to the growing investments in renewable power generation.
Scope
- The 10 power markets covered are France, Germany, Austria, The United Kingdom, Spain, The Netherlands, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway and Italy.
- Review of the key power sources – thermal, hydro, renewable, nuclear
- Data types included are installed capacity, consumption, power demand, power generation by sources and by country
- Data provided from 2000 to 2009, with forecasts to 2020
- Analysis of import, export, regulatory and infrastructure of the power sector in the key countries.
- The report provides details of active and upcoming plants in the country.
- Business overview, SWOT Analysis and review of operational metrics of key companies in the region. These include Electricite de France S.A. (EDF), RWE Power AG, E.ON AG, Enel SpA (Enel), Vattenfal AB, Endesa S.A., Electrabel Scottish and Southern Energy Plc, Iberdrola S.A., Verbund, Edison SpA.
- Insights into the major trends, drivers and challenges in the overall industry.
Reasons to Buy
- Identify the scope of emerging technologies in the geography
- Identify key markets and investment opportunities for foreign investors in the power sector in the Western Europe.
- Facilitate decision-making based on strong historical and forecast data and detailed growth opportunities analysis.
- Understand and respond to the regulatory and foreign investment structure in the countries.
- Position yourself to take maximum advantage of the 10 Western European power market’s growth potential.
- Identify the risks associated with the market and transform them into opportunities for future growth.
Table Of contents
1 Table of Contents 3
1.1 List of Tables 11
1.2 List of Figures 16
2 Introduction 20
2.1 Methodology Adopted For Ranking the Western Europe Countries 20
2.2 Country Level Parameters 20
2.2.1 Business Viability 20
2.3 Industry Specific Parameters 21
2.3.1 Power Generation 21
2.3.2 Electrification Ratio 21
2.3.3 Consumption Growth Rate 21
2.4 Weight Assigned To the Parameters 22
2.5 Country Selection Methodology 23
2.6 GBI ResearchReport Guidance 24
3 Power Market in Western Europe 25
3.1 Overview 25
3.2 Western Europe Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity: Overview 26
3.2.1 Cumulative Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant: Percentage 27
3.2.2 Top Electricity Markets in Western Europe Countries (Selected Countries), by Installed Capacity 28
3.3 Changing Trends in Generation and Consumption in the Western Europe 30
3.4 Competitive Landscape of the Power Market in the Western European Countries 33
3.4.1 France Power Market, Market Share of Major Power Companies 33
3.4.2 The German Power Market, Market Share of Major Power Companies 34
3.4.3 Austria Power Market, Market Shares of Major Power Companies 35
3.4.4 The UK Power Market, Market Share of Major Power Generating Companies 36
3.4.5 Spanish Power Market, Market Shares of the Major Power Companies 37
3.4.6 The Netherlands Power Market, Market Share of Major Power Companies 38
3.4.7 Switzerland Power Market, Market Share of the Major Power Companies 39
3.4.8 Sweden, Power Market, Market Shares of the Major Power Companies 40
3.4.9 Norway Power Market, Market Shares of the Major Power Companies by Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2009 41
3.4.10 Italy Power Market, Market Shares of the Major Power Companies 42
4 France, Power Market Analysis to 2020 43
4.1 Power Market Overview 43
4.1.1 France Power Mix 43
4.1.2 Renewable Sources, the Way Forward 43
4.1.3 Increase in Power Generation and Consumption 43
4.2 France Power Market, Import and Export Scenario 44
4.2.1 France Power Market, Total Annual Imports, 2000-2008 44
4.2.2 France Power Market, Total Annual Exports, 2000-2008 45
4.3 France Power Market, Demand and Consumption Scenario 46
4.4 France Power Market, Annual Power Consumption, 2000-2020 46
4.5 France Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 48
4.5.1 Cumulative Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant: Percentage 48
4.5.2 Cumulative Installed Capacity: Total Value 49
4.5.3 Cumulative Thermal Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 51
4.5.4 Cumulative Hydro Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 53
4.5.5 Cumulative Renewable Power Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 55
4.5.6 Cumulative Nuclear Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 57
4.6 France Power Market, Total Annual Power Generation, 2000-2020 59
4.6.1 France Power Market, Annual Thermal Power Generation, 2000-2020 61
4.6.2 France Power Market, Annual Hydro Power Generation, 2000-2020 63
4.6.3 France Power Market, Annual Renewable Power Generation, 2000-2020 65
4.6.4 France Power Market, Annual Nuclear Power Generation, 2000-2020 67
4.7 Top Active and Upcoming Projects in France Power Market 69
4.7.1 Active Power Projects 69
4.7.2 Upcoming Power Projects 71
4.8 Regulatory Structure of France Power Market 73
4.8.1 Deregulation of Electricity Sector 73
4.8.2 Energy Policies 73
4.8.3 Renewable Energy Policies 74
4.9 Infrastructure of France Power Market 74
4.9.1 France Power Market, Infrastructure Overview 74
4.9.2 Grid Connectivity and Planned Investments 75
5 Germany, Power Market Analysis to 2020 76
5.1 Power Market Overview 76
5.1.1 Thermal Installed Capacity, Dominant Source in the Total Power Installed Capacity 76
5.1.2 Clean Energy, the Way Forward 76
5.1.3 Continued Growth in Power Generation and Consumption 76
5.2 The German Power Market, Import and Export Scenario 76
5.2.1 The German Power Market, Total Annual Imports, 2000-2008 76
5.2.2 The German Power Market, Total Annual Exports, 2000-2008 78
5.3 The German Power Market, Demand and Consumption Scenario 79
5.4 The German Power Market, Annual Power Consumption, 2000-2020 80
5.5 The German Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 81
5.5.1 Cumulative Thermal Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 83
5.5.2 Cumulative Hydro Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 84
5.5.3 Cumulative Nuclear Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 86
5.5.4 Cumulative Renewable Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 87
5.6 The German Power Market, Total Power Generation, 2000-2020 89
5.6.1 The German Power Market, Thermal Power Generation, 2000-2020 91
5.6.2 The German Power Market, Hydropower Power Generation, 2000-2020 93
5.6.3 The German Power Market, Nuclear Power Generation, 2000-2020 95
5.6.4 The German Power Market, Renewable Power Generation, 2000-2020 97
5.7 Top 10 Active and Upcoming Projects The German Power Market 98
5.7.1 Active Power Projects 98
5.7.2 Upcoming Power Projects 102
5.8 The German Power Market, Planned Shutdown of Nuclear Power Plants 104
5.9 Regulatory Structure of The German Power Market 104
5.9.1 The German Power Market, Regulatory Structure, Overview 104
5.9.2 The German Power Market, Electricity Policies 104
5.9.3 The German Power Market, Renewable Energy, Major Policies and Incentives 105
5.9.4 The German Power Market, Initiatives towards Reducing Greenhouse and Carbon Dioxide Emissions 106
5.10 Infrastructure of the German Power Market 107
5.10.1 The German Power Market, Overview 107
5.10.2 The German Power Market, Transmission and Distribution Network 107
5.10.3 Grid Interconnection 108
6 Austria, Power Market Analysis to 2020 110
6.1 Power Market Overview 110
6.1.1 Hydro Power is the Dominant Source in the Total Installed Capacity 110
6.1.2 Clean Energy, the Way Forward 110
6.1.3 Continued Growth in Power Generation 110
6.2 Austria Power Market, Demand and Consumption Scenario 111
6.3 Austria Power Market, Import and Export Scenario 112
6.4 Austria Power Market, Annual Power Consumption, 2000-2020 113
6.5 Austria Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 115
6.5.1 Cumulative Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant: Percentage 115
6.5.2 Cumulative Installed Capacity: Total Value 115
6.5.3 Cumulative Thermal Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 117
6.5.4 Cumulative Hydro Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 119
6.5.5 Cumulative Nuclear Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 121
6.5.6 Cumulative Renewable Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 121
6.6 Austria Power Market, Annual Power Generation, 2000-2020 123
6.6.1 Annual Thermal Power Generation, 2000-2020 125
6.6.2 Annual Hydro Power Generation, 2000-2020 127
6.6.3 Annual Renewable Power Generation, 2000-2020 129
6.7 Top Active and Upcoming Projects in Austria Power Market 131
6.7.1 Active Power Projects 131
6.7.2 Upcoming Power Projects 134
6.8 Regulatory Structure of Austria Power Market 135
6.8.1 Austria Power Market, Regulatory Structure Overview 135
6.8.2 Austria Power Market, Energy Policies 135
6.8.3 Austria Power Market, Renewable Energy Policies 135
6.8.4 Austria Power Market, Carbon Dioxide Emission Reduction Measures 136
6.9 Austria Power Market, Infrastructure 136
6.9.1 Austria Power Market, Infrastructure Overview 136
6.9.2 Grid Interconnection 136
6.9.3 Future Development Plans 137
6.9.4 Distribution Overview 137
7 The United Kingdom, Power Market Analysis to 2020 138
7.1 Power Market, Overview 138
7.1.1 Changing Dynamics of the UK Power Market 138
7.1.2 Renewable Energy, the Way Forward 139
7.1.3 Moderate increase in Power Generation and Consumption 139
7.1.4 Expansion of Power Infrastructure 139
7.2 The UK Power Market, Import and Export Scenario 139
7.2.1 The UK Power Market, Total Annual Imports, 2000-2009 139
7.2.2 The UK Power Market, Total Annual Exports, 2000-2009 141
7.3 The UK Power Market, Demand and Consumption Scenario 142
7.4 The UK Power Market, Power Consumption, 2000-2020 143
7.5 The UK Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 145
7.5.1 Cumulative Thermal Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 147
7.5.2 Cumulative Hydro Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 149
7.5.3 Cumulative Nuclear Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 151
7.5.4 Cumulative Renewable Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 153
7.6 The UK Power Market, Power Generation, 2000-2020 154
7.6.1 Thermal Power Generation, 2000-2020 156
7.6.2 Hydro Power Generation, 2000-2020 158
7.6.3 Nuclear Power Generation, 2000-2020 160
7.6.4 Renewable Power Generation, 2000-2020 162
7.7 Top 10 Active and Upcoming Projects in the UK Power Market 164
7.7.1 Active Power Projects 164
7.7.2 Upcoming Power Projects 170
7.8 Regulatory Structure of the UK Power Market 173
7.8.1 The UK Power Market, Regulatory Structure, Overview 173
7.8.2 The UK Power Market, Budgetary Earmarks for Industrial Carbon Footprint Reduction 173
7.8.3 The UK Power Market, Renewable Energy, Major Policies and Incentives 173
7.8.4 The UK Power Market, Nuclear Energy, Policies for the Future 173
7.8.5 The UK Power Market, Thermal Energy, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology 174
7.8.6 The UK Power Market, Key Regulatory Authorities for Energy Infrastructure Projects 174
7.9 Infrastructure of the UK Power Market 175
7.9.1 The UK Power Market, Infrastructure Overview 175
7.9.2 Grid Interconnection 175
7.9.3 Planned Developments for Transmission Systems 176
8 Spain, Power Market Analysis to 2020 177
8.1 Power Market Overview 177
8.1.1 Thermal Power is the Dominant Source in the Total Installed Capacity 177
8.1.2 Clean Energy, the Way Forward 177
8.1.3 Continued Growth in Power Generation 177
8.2 Spain Power Market, Import and Export Scenario 178
8.3 Spain Power Market, Demand and Consumption Scenario 179
8.4 Spain Power Market, Annual Power Consumption, 2000-2020 180
8.5 The Spain Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 182
8.5.1 Cumulative Thermal Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 184
8.5.2 Cumulative Hydro Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 186
8.5.3 Cumulative Nuclear Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 188
8.5.4 Cumulative Renewable Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 190
8.6 Spain Power Market, Annual Power Generation, 2000-2020 192
8.6.1 Annual Thermal Power Generation, 2000-2020 194
8.6.2 Annual Hydro Power Generation, 2000-2020 196
8.6.3 Annual Nuclear Power Generation, 2000-2020 198
8.6.4 Annual Renewable Power Generation, 2000-2020 200
8.7 Top Active and Upcoming Projects in Spain Power Market 202
8.7.1 Active Power Projects 202
8.7.2 Upcoming Power Projects 205
8.8 Regulatory Structure Spanish Power Market 208
8.8.1 Spanish Power Market, Regulatory Structure Overview 208
8.8.2 Spanish Power Market, Energy Policies 208
8.8.3 Spanish Power Market, Renewable Energy Policies 208
8.8.4 Spanish Power Market, Energy Taxation 209
8.9 Infrastructure of Spanish Power Market 209
8.9.1 Spanish Power Market, Infrastructure Overview 209
8.9.2 Spanish Power Market, Transmission and Distribution Network 210
8.9.3 Future Development Plans 211
9 The Netherlands, Power Market Analysis to 2020 212
9.1 Power Market Overview 212
9.1.1 Thermal Installed Capacity, Dominant Source in the Total Installed Capacity 212
9.1.2 Increasing Focus on Carbon Capture and Storage Projects 212
9.1.3 Continued Growth in Electricity Generation and Consumption 212
9.1.4 Expansion of Power Infrastructure 212
9.2 The Netherlands Power Market, Import and Export Scenario 212
9.2.1 The Netherlands Power Market, Total Annual Imports, 2000-2009 212
9.2.2 The Netherlands Power Market, Total Annual Exports, 2000-2009 214
9.3 The Netherlands Power Market, Demand and Consumption Scenario 215
9.4 The Netherlands Power Market, Power Consumption, 2000-2020 216
9.5 The Netherlands Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 218
9.5.1 Cumulative Thermal Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 220
9.5.2 Cumulative Hydro Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 222
9.5.3 Cumulative Renewable Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 224
9.5.4 Cumulative Nuclear Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 226
9.6 The Netherlands Power Market, Power Generation, 2000-2020 228
9.6.1 Thermal Power Generation, 2000-2020 230
9.6.2 Hydro Power Generation, 2000-2020 232
9.6.3 Renewable Power Generation, 2000-2020 234
9.6.4 Nuclear Power Generation, 2000-2020 236
9.7 Top 10 Active and Upcoming Projects in the Netherlands Power Market 237
9.7.1 Active Power Projects 237
9.7.2 Upcoming Power Projects 240
9.8 Regulatory Structure of the Netherlands Power Market 241
9.8.1 Netherlands Power Market, Regulatory Structure, Overview 241
9.8.2 Netherlands Power Market, Carbon Capture and Storage Projects 242
9.8.3 Netherlands Power Market, Renewable Energy, Policies for the Future 242
9.8.4 Emission Trading 242
9.9 Infrastructure of Netherlands Power Market 242
9.9.1 Netherlands Power Market, Infrastructure Overview 242
9.9.2 Grid Interconnection 243
9.9.3 The Netherlands Power Market, Transmission and Distribution Network 243
9.9.4 Developments for Transmission Systems 243
10 Switzerland, Power Market Analysis to 2020 244
10.1 Power Market Overview 244
10.1.1 Hydro Power is the Dominant Source in the Total Installed Capacity 244
10.1.2 Focus on Clean Energy Sources for Future Demand 245
10.1.3 Continued Growth in Power Generation 245
10.2 Switzerland Power Market, Demand and Consumption Scenario 245
10.3 Switzerland Power Market, Import and Export Scenario 247
10.4 Switzerland Power Market, Annual Power Consumption, 2000-2020 248
10.5 Switzerland Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 250
10.5.1 Cumulative Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant: Percentage 250
10.5.2 Cumulative Installed Capacity: Total Value 250
10.5.3 Cumulative Thermal Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 252
10.5.4 Cumulative Hydro Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 254
10.5.5 Cumulative Nuclear Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 256
10.5.6 Cumulative Renewable Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 258
10.6 Switzerland Power Market, Annual Power Generation, 2000-2020 260
10.6.1 Annual Thermal Power Generation, 2000-2020 262
10.6.2 Annual Hydro Power Generation, 2000-2020 264
10.6.3 Annual Nuclear Power Generation, 2000-2020 266
10.6.4 Annual Renewable Power Generation, 2000-2020 268
10.7 Top Active and Upcoming Projects in Switzerland Power Market 270
10.7.1 Active Power Projects 270
10.7.2 Upcoming Power Projects 272
10.8 Regulatory Structure of Switzerland Power Market 273
10.8.1 Switzerland Power Market, Regulatory Structure Overview 273
10.8.2 Switzerland Power Market, Market Liberalization 273
10.8.3 Switzerland Power Market, Renewable Energy Development and Energy Efficiency 274
10.8.4 Switzerland Power Market, Nuclear Policy 274
10.9 Infrastructure of Switzerland Power Market 275
10.9.1 Switzerland Power Market, Infrastructure Overview 275
10.9.2 Market Liberalization and Grid Interconnections 275
10.9.3 Future Development Plans 275
10.9.4 Distribution Overview 276
11 Sweden, Power Market Analysis to 2020 277
11.1 Power Market Overview 277
11.1.1 Hydro Power is the Dominant Source in the Total Installed Capacity 277
11.1.2 Clean Energy, the Way Forward 278
11.1.3 Continued Growth in Power Generation 278
11.2 Sweden, Power Market, Import and Export Scenario 279
11.3 Sweden, Power Market, Demand and Consumption Scenario 280
11.4 Sweden, Power Market, Annual Power Consumption, 2000-2020 281
11.5 Sweden, Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 283
11.5.1 Cumulative Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant: Percentage 283
11.5.2 Cumulative Installed Capacity: Total Value 283
11.5.3 Cumulative Thermal Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 285
11.5.4 Cumulative Hydro Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 287
11.5.5 Cumulative Nuclear Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 288
11.5.6 Cumulative Renewable Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 290
11.6 Sweden, Power Market, Annual Power Generation, 2000-2020 291
11.6.1 Annual Thermal Power Generation, 2000-2020 293
11.6.2 Annual Hydro Power Generation, 2000-2020 295
11.6.3 Sweden Power Market, Nuclear Power Generation, 2000-2020 297
11.6.4 Annual Renewable Power Generation, 2000-2020 299
11.7 Top Active and Upcoming Projects in Sweden Power Market 300
11.7.1 Active Power Projects 300
11.7.2 Upcoming Power Projects 304
11.8 Regulatory Structure of Sweden Power Market 305
11.8.1 Sweden, Power Market, Regulatory Structure Overview 305
11.8.2 Sweden, Power Market, Renewable Energy Policies 305
11.8.3 New Proposed Developments on Sustainable Energy and Climate Policy 306
11.9 Sweden Power Market, Energy Efficiency Measures 307
11.10 Infrastructure of Sweden Power Market 307
11.10.1 Sweden, Power Market, Infrastructure Overview 307
11.10.2 Grid Interconnection 308
11.10.3 Future Development Plans 308
12 Norway, Power Market Analysis to 2020 309
12.1 Power Market Overview 309
12.1.1 Hydro Power is the Dominant Source in the Total Installed Capacity 309
12.1.2 Clean Energy, the Way Forward 309
12.1.3 Continued Growth in Electricity Generation and Consumption 309
12.2 Norway Power Market, Import and Export Scenario 310
12.3 Norway Power Market, Demand and Consumption Scenario 312
12.4 Norway Power Market, Annual Power Consumption, 2000-2020 313
12.5 Norway Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 315
12.5.1 Cumulative Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant: Percentage 315
12.5.2 Cumulative Installed Capacity: Total Value 315
12.5.3 Cumulative Thermal Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 317
12.5.4 Cumulative Hydro Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 318
12.5.5 Cumulative Nuclear Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 320
12.5.6 Cumulative Renewable Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 320
12.6 Norway Power Market, Annual Power Generation, 2000-2020 321
12.6.1 Annual Thermal Power Generation, 2000-2020 323
12.6.2 Annual Hydro Power Generation, 2000-2020 325
12.6.3 Annual Renewable Power Generation, 2000-2020 326
12.7 Top Active and Upcoming Projects in Norway Power Market 328
12.7.1 Active Power Projects 328
12.7.2 Upcoming Power Projects 330
12.8 Regulatory Structure of Norway Power Market 331
12.8.1 Norway Power Market, Regulatory Structure Overview 331
12.8.2 Norway Power Market, Renewable Energy Policies 331
12.8.3 White Paper on National Climate Policy, 2007 332
12.8.4 Legislation on Offshore Renewable Energy Production 332
12.8.5 The EU 7th Framework Program for Research 333
12.9 Norway Power Market, Infrastructure 333
12.9.1 Norway Power Market, Infrastructure Overview 333
12.9.2 Grid Interconnection 334
12.9.3 Future Development Plans 334
13 Italy, Power Market Analysis to 2020 335
13.1 Power Market Overview 335
13.1.1 Thermal Power is the Dominant Source in the Power Mix 335
13.1.2 Clean Energy, the Way Forward 335
13.1.3 Continued Growth in Power Generation 335
13.2 Italy Power Market, Import and Export Scenario 335
13.3 Italy Power Market, Demand and Consumption Scenario 337
13.4 Italy Power Market, Annual Power Consumption, 2000-2020 338
13.5 Italy Power Market, Cumulative Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 340
13.5.1 Cumulative Installed Capacity by Type of Power Plant: Percentage 340
13.5.2 Cumulative Installed Capacity: Total Value 340
13.5.3 Cumulative Thermal Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 342
13.5.4 Cumulative Hydro Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 344
13.5.5 Cumulative Nuclear Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 346
13.5.6 Cumulative Renewable Installed Capacity, 2000-2020 346
13.6 Italy Power Market, Annual Power Generation, 2000-2020 348
13.6.1 Annual Thermal Power Generation, 2000-2020 350
13.6.2 Annual Hydro Power Generation, 2000-2020 352
13.6.3 Annual Renewable Power Generation, 2000-2020 354
13.7 Top Active and Upcoming Projectsin Italy Power Market 355
13.7.1 Active Power Projects 355
13.7.2 Upcoming Power Projects 357
13.8 Regulatory Structure of Italy Power Market 360
13.8.1 Italian Power Market, Regulatory Structure Overview 360
13.8.2 Italian Power Market, Nuclear Energy Policies 360
13.8.3 Italian Power Market, Renewable Energy Policies 360
13.8.4 Italy Power Market, Energy Efficiency (EE) 361
13.9 Infrastructure of Italy Power Market 361
13.9.1 Italy Power Market, Infrastructure Overview 361
13.9.2 Grid Development 362
13.9.3 Future Development Plans 362
14 Western Europe Power market, Major Power Companies 363
14.1 Electricite de France S.A. (EDF), Company Overview 363
14.1.1 Electricite de France S.A. (EDF), Business Description 363
14.1.2 Électricité de France S.A. (EDF), SWOT Analysis 364
14.2 RWE Power AG, Company Overview 367
14.2.1 Business Overview 367
14.2.2 RWE Power AG, SWOT Analysis 368
14.3 E ON AG Company Overview 370
14.3.1 Company Overview 370
14.3.2 E.ON AG, Business Description 370
14.3.3 E.ON AG, SWOT Analysis 371
14.3.4 Enel SpA (Enel), Company Overview 373
14.3.5 Enel SpA (Enel), Business Description 373
14.3.6 Enel SpA (Enel), SWOT Analysis 374
14.4 Vattenfall AB, Company Overview 376
14.4.1 Vattenfall AB, Business Description 376
14.4.2 Vattenfall AB, SWOT Analysis 377
14.5 Endesa SA Company Overview 380
14.5.1 Endesa, S.A., Business Description 380
14.5.2 Endesa, S.A., SWOT Analysis 381
14.6 Electrabel Company Overview 383
14.6.1 Electrabel, Business Description 383
14.6.2 Electrabel, SWOT Analysis 384
14.7 Scottish and Southern Energy plc (‘SSE’), Company Overview 386
14.7.1 Scottish and Southern Energy plc (‘SSE’), Business Description 386
14.7.2 Scottish and Southern Energy plc (‘SSE’), SWOT Analysis 387
14.7.3 Scottish and Southern Energy plc (‘SSE’), Operational Metrics 390
14.8 Iberdrola, S.A., Company Overview 390
14.8.1 Iberdrola, S.A., Business Description 390
14.8.2 Iberdrola, S.A., SWOT Analysis 391
14.8.3 Verbund (Osterreichische Elektrizitatswirtschafts-AG), Company Overview 394
14.8.4 Verbund (Osterreichische Elektrizitatswirtschafts-AG), Business Description 394
14.8.5 Verbund (Osterreichische Elektrizitatswirtschafts-AG), SWOT Analysis 395
14.8.6 Edison SpA (Edison), Company Overview 397
14.8.7 Edison SpA (Edison), Business Description 397
14.8.8 Edison SpA (Edison), SWOT Analysis 398
15 Appendix 401
15.1 Market Definitions 401
15.1.1 Power 401
15.1.2 Installed capacity 401
15.1.3 Active installed capacity 401
15.1.4 Electricity generation 401
15.1.5 Thermal power 401
15.1.6 Hydro power 401
15.1.7 Nuclear power 401
15.1.8 Renewable energy resources 401
15.1.9 Generation company 401
15.1.10 Electricity consumption 401
15.1.11 Transmission network 401
15.1.12 Interconnector 401
15.1.13 Transmission and distribution loss 402
15.2 GBI Research’s Methodology 402
15.2.1 Coverage 402
15.2.2 Secondary Research 403
15.2.3 Primary Research 403
15.2.4 Expert Panel Validation 403
15.3 Contact Us 403
15.4 Disclaimer 404
ReportsandReports, comprising of an online library of 10,000 reports, in-depth market research studies of over 5000 micro markets, and 25 industry specific websites.
ReportsandReports announce to have Power Market in Western Europe to 2020 Market Research Report in its store. Browse all our Market Research Reports details at ReportsandReports.com
Article from articlesbase.com